What is LTL Freight?

What Does LTL Shipping Mean?

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipping is a mode of transportation that combines freight from multiple shippers on the same trailer. 

Shipping via LTL is a more economical and efficient mode of transportation for customers who ship freight in smaller quantities than a full truckload or that are going to multiple destinations. LTL freight is typically heavier and larger than a package, palletized, and doesn’t require the capacity of a full truckload. 

OD’s LTL shipping operates with a hub-and-spoke model, much like modern airlines.  For example, when you travel from Chicago to Miami, you might make a stop in Dallas to switch planes. Similarly, LTL freight moves from hub to hub. At each stop, the carrier moves shipments from one trailer to another, consolidating them with freight going to the same ultimate destination. If your freight is picked up in Louisville, for instance, and needs to be delivered in Baltimore, it would first stop in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where the truck is loaded with other freight headed towards Baltimore. 

This model allows LTL loads to move continuously through the network for faster transit and it reduces the number of miles a truck travels to deliver shipments. This provides both flexibility for our customers and benefits the environment. Customers only pay for the space they use on a trailer while sharing the cost with other shippers. They also benefit from rate stability because LTL pricing (unlike truckload pricing) is more insulated from market forces.

 

When should I use LTL shipping? 

  • LTL shipping is best when you do not require a full trailer.
  • You have freight that is going to multiple destinations.

 

What do I need to start an LTL shipment?

  • Set Up An Account: Establishing an account with an LTL carrier, like OD, provides the best rates tailored specifically to the type of shipment and routes you use. Your account starts the relationship with the carriers’ representatives, drivers, and operations team, who work together to ensure your freight arrives on-time and damage-free. 
  • Dimensions: Knowing your freight dimensions (Length, Width, and Height) is an important detail to ensure you get an accurate freight quote. LTL Carriers aim to maximize space in the truck and load freight efficiently. A standard pallet is 48” long x 40” wide x 48” high. Shipments that are outside of those standard dimensions can require additional handling; many carriers have an accessorial fee for overlength articles. 
Calculate your freight shipments density for the best rates.

  • Freight Quote: A freight quote for a standard LTL shipment is recommended but not required before scheduling a pickup. If you’re in a hurry, you can get an instant quote. If you have more time, we recommend setting up an account with OD for pricing tailored to your unique shipping needs. Contact your local Service Center or contact us below to get started. 
  • Bill of Lading: LTL carriers require a signed Bill of Lading (BOL) to pick up a shipment. A Bill of Lading lets the carrier know the details of the shipment, the paying party, the consignee (receiver) name and location, and any special requirements to get the freight delivered. Providing correct information when rating and creating the BOL allows the carrier to generate an accurate invoice and deliver the shipment without delay.

 

What are the benefits of shipping with a National Carrier?

  • Efficient Costs: Shippers only pay for the portion of the trailer their shipment possesses. LTL carriers combine shipments going to similar destinations to efficiently move freight through their network, reducing costs for the shipper. 
  • Extensive network: National LTL carriers have extensive service center networks to handle your shipment dock-to-dock. They can also arrange for shipments to cross borders or travel internationally.
  • Personalized Solutions: LTL carriers often provide additional services such as expedited shipping, trade show shipping, and global services. These services are supported by leading technology, including API integrations, so you can integrate with your carrier to track each shipment.

Commonly Asked Questions about LTL Trucking

Interested in starting an LTL shipment?

Shippers choose Old Dominion for our premium service and one of the lowest claims rates in the industry. We take our role as a critical link within your supply chain with great responsibility and care.  Our team can help you access pricing tailored to your needs and ensure your freight arrives on-time and damage-free. Connect with a Solutions Specialist and start shipping smarter today.